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  • China stamps of Year 1991 : J177 Scott 2329 30th Anniv. of Effectivity of Antarctic Treaty
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    30th Anniv. of Effectivity of Antarctic Treaty
    Price
    Mint stamp set of 1 : US $0.20

    Item location: China
    Ships to: Worldwide

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    Technical details:

    Scott No: 2329
    Serial number: J177
    Values in set: 1
    Denomination: 20 fen
    Date of issue: June 23, 1991
    Designer: Wang Huming
    Size of stamps: 30*40 mm
    Perforation: 11
    Sheet composition: 40 (8*5)
    Printing process: photogravure
    Printing House: Beijing Postage Stamp Printing Works
    30th Anniv. of the Antarctic Treaty Coming into Force (1961--1991)
    30th Anniv. of the Antarctic Treaty Coming into Force (1961--1991)
    SN: (1-1)
    Title: 30th Anniv. of the Antarctic Treaty Coming into Force (1961--1991)
    Values: 20 fen
    Size: 30*40 mm
    Type: J(Mint)
    Background info

    The 12 nations listed in the preamble (below) signed the Antarctic Treaty on 1 December 1959 at Washington, D.C. The Treaty entered into force on 23 June 1961; the 12 signatories became the original 12 consultative nations.

    As of May 2000, 15 additional nations (Brazil, Bulgaria, China, Ecuador, Finland, Germany, India, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Peru, Republic of Korea, Sweden, Spain, and Uruguay) have achieved consultative status by acceding to the Treaty and by conducting substantial scientific research in Antarctica. Russia carries forward the signatory privileges and responsibilities established by the former Soviet Union.

    Another 18 nations have acceded to the Antarctic Treaty: Austria, Canada, Colombia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, Denmark, Estonia, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, Papua New Guinea, Romania, Slovak Republic, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, and Venezuela. These nations agree to abide by the treaty and may attend consultative meetings as observers.

    The 45 Antarctic Treaty nations represent about two-thirds of the world's human population.

    Consultative meetings have been held approximately every other year since the treaty entered into force, but since 1993 they have been held more frequently. Each meeting has generated recommendations regarding operation of the treaty that, when ratified by the participating governments, become binding on the parties to the treaty.

    Additional meetings within the Antarctic Treaty system have produced agreements on conservation of seals, conservation of living resources, and comprehensive environmental protection.

    What follows is the complete text of the Antarctic Treaty. The headings for each article were added by the National Science Foundation and are unofficial.
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